Helium ion microscope – secondary ion mass spectrometry for geological materials

• Matthew R. Ball,
• Richard J. M. Taylor,
• Joshua F. Einsle,
• Fouzia Khanom,
• Christelle Guillermier and
• Richard J. Harrison

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1504–1515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.133

• substitute in the crystal lattice within a solid solution. The Li signal appears to be stronger along mica sheets perpendicular to the c-axis of the crystal structure. However, this may be the result of surface topography similar to that observed in the zircon samples, as a result of polishing picking out

Band tail state related photoluminescence and photoresponse of ZnMgO solid solution nanostructured films

• Vadim Morari,
• Aida Pantazi,
• Nicolai Curmei,
• Vitalie Postolache,
• Emil V. Rusu,
• Marius Enachescu,
• Ion M. Tiginyanu and
• Veaceslav V. Ursaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 899–910, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.75

• ; photoluminescence; photosensitivity; spin coating; thin films; ZnMgO semiconductor alloy; Introduction The ZnMgO solid solution system is of interest due to the possibility to tailor many important physical properties by varying their composition. This alloy system covers a wide ultraviolet (UV) spectral range

BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

• Florence Olechowski,
• Rainer H. Müller and
• Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

• production parameters. A very fast release is generated, when the active agent is primarily located in the outer shell of the particles (enriched shell model), a prolonged release when the active is evenly distributed throughout the whole carrier matrix (solid solution model), and a very slow/strongly

• right: enriched shell model (fast release), solid solution model (prolonged release) and enriched core model (very slow release); reproduced with permission from [17], copyright 2017 Elsevier. Examples of release profiles from lipid nanoparticles: very fast release of cyclosporine within minutes (upper

Green and scalable synthesis of nanocrystalline kuramite

• Andrea Giaccherini,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Stefano Martinuzzi,
• Enrico Berretti,
• Werner Oberhauser,
• Alessandro Lavacchi,
• Giovanni Orazio Lepore,
• Giordano Montegrossi,
• Maurizio Romanelli,
• Antonio De Luca,
• Massimo Innocenti,
• Vanni Moggi Cecchi,
• Matteo Mannini,
• Antonella Buccianti and
• Francesco Di Benedetto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2073–2083, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.202

• of a solid solution in the kesterite–kuramite joint (15.6% kesterite). Sample S3 is consistent with the composition of kuramite in the range of 1σ. Sample S2 has to be considered carefully due to the highest presence of Cl in associated phases and the possible presence of other Cu- and S-bearing

Luminescence of Tb₃Al₅O₁₂ phosphors co-doped with Ce³⁺/Gd³⁺ for white light-emitting diodes

• Yu-Guo Yang,
• Lei Wei,
• Jian-Hua Xu,
• Hua-Jian Yu,
• Yan-Yan Hu,
• Hua-Di Zhang,
• Xu-Ping Wang,
• Bing Liu,
• Cong Zhang and
• Qing-Gang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1237–1242, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.123

• Tb2.96−xCe0.04GdxAl5O12 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25) phosphors are well in accordance with the JCPDs card no. 17-1735, meaning that Ce3+/Gd3+ ions have been doped into the Tb3Al5O12 host entirely and formed a solid solution. Moreover, the diffraction peaks shift to lower 2θ angles with

Tailoring the stability/aggregation of one-dimensional TiO₂(B)/titanate nanowires using surfactants

• Atiđa Selmani,
• Johannes Lützenkirchen,
• Kristina Kučanda,
• Dario Dabić,
• Engelbert Redel,
• Ida Delač Marion,
• Damir Kralj,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin and
• Maja Dutour Sikirić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1024–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.103

• hydrophobic interactions [40], which are influenced by experimental conditions such as pH, ionic strength, concentration of NMs as well as the surfactants in different ways. Surfactant adsorption at the solid/solution interface was used to modify the surface of TNWs and hence influence their colloidal

Removal of toxic heavy metals from river water samples using a porous silica surface modified with a new β-ketoenolic host

• Said Tighadouini,
• Smaail Radi,
• Abderrahman Elidrissi,
• Khadija Haboubi,
• Maryse Bacquet,
• Stéphanie Degoutin,
• Mustapha Zaghrioui and
• Yann Garcia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 262–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.25

• higher randomness at the solid solution interface during the adsorption of Zn(II), Pb(II), Cd(II) and Cu(II) onto SiNL. Selectivity of SiNL. A remarkable selectivity of SiNL towards Zn(II) (at optimum conditions) compared to other metal ions is shown in Figure 11. The adsorption capacity of SiNL to the

Hydrogen-induced plasticity in nanoporous palladium

• Markus Gößler,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Markus Stütz,
• Norbert Enzinger and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 3013–3024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.280

• ) has been reported for loading from the gas phase at a hydrogen pressure of the order of 30 kPa [21] at 20 °C. In this compositional range two different phases coexist: At hydrogen concentrations below 0.02 (H/Pd) only the α-phase (solid solution, PdHα) is observed, while at higher concentrations the β

Lead-free hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

• Oleksandr Stroyuk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2209–2235, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.207

• % was reported for an intermediate composition corresponding to x = 2 [129]. Similar to the Cs-containing HPs, the optoelectronic properties of MASnX3 HPs can also be engineered by a partial substitution of halide anions. A gradual shift from MASnI3 to MASnBr3 via a series of intermediate solid-solution

• ) in an inverted cell with a fullerene ETL [144]. The combination of Sn2+ and Ge2+ in single HPs results in solid-solution CH3NH3Sn(1−x)GexI3 compounds with a bandgap tunable from 1.3 eV (x = 0) to 2.0 eV (x = 1) [146]. A Mn2+-based analog of MAPI was produced by the spin-coating of a mixture of MnI2

Understanding the performance and mechanism of Mg-containing oxides as support catalysts in the thermal dry reforming of methane

• Nor Fazila Khairudin,
• Mohd Farid Fahmi Sukri,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1162–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.108

• . Zanganeh et al. [34] used the co-precipitation method to prepare a NiO–MgO nanocrystalline solid solution catalyst. High Ni (25 wt %) content negatively affected the supression of carbon deposition on the solid solution catalyst. However, high Ni dispersion and the basicity of the support surface could

• inhibit carbon formation in DRM on the reduced Ni0.03Mg0.97O solid solution catalyst. DBD plasma, also known as silent discharge, is a conventional cold plasma phenomenon that has been widely applied in the preparation of multi-oxide catalysts. This method can overcome the problem that arises from the use

• terms of stability, carbon deposition was observed at the Ni/MgO catalyst with 15 wt % Ni loading. However, this deposition could not deactivate the catalyst, and high stability was recorded up to a reaction time of 300 min. Furthermore, the reduced NiO–MgO solid solution catalysts could inhibit carbon

Facile synthesis of ZnFe₂O₄ photocatalysts for decolourization of organic dyes under solar irradiation

• Arjun Behera,
• Debasmita Kandi,
• Sanjit Manohar Majhi,
• Satyabadi Martha and
• Kulamani Parida

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 436–446, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.42

• fabrication cost [14]. ZnFe2O4 is an n-type semiconductor having a direct band gap with suitable band edge positions for various photocatalytic processes. It is a solid solution of ferric oxide and zinc oxide, which greatly enhances the charge carrier separation. To date, various methods such as refluxing

One-step chemical vapor deposition synthesis and supercapacitor performance of nitrogen-doped porous carbon–carbon nanotube hybrids

• Egor V. Lobiak,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Ekaterina O. Fedorovskaya,
• Yury V. Shubin,
• Pavel E. Plyusnin,
• Pierre Lonchambon,
• Boris V. Senkovskiy,
• Zinfer R. Ismagilov,
• Emmanuel Flahaut and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2669–2679, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.267

• circle radius, Rct, characterizes the charge-transfer resistance, which is inversely proportional to the rate of electron transfer. The initial point of the circle at high frequency, Rf, corresponds to the solid–solution resistance. The vertical line is the Warburg impedance, which arises from

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• obtained material showed a high catalytic activity for CO oxidation [16][22]. In addition, porous/hollow CeO2-based composite oxides with high surface area can be prepared through heat treatment of suitable cerium-containing precursors. Typically, uniform porous Ce1−xZnxO2−δ solid-solution nanodisks were

• transition-metal mixed-oxide nanostructures. Based on this synthesis method, other CeO2-based composite oxides with various nanostructures can be expected to be fabricated through the pre-formation of CeO2 or CeO2-based solid solution with different morphologies and the subsequent decoration of highly

Effect of the fluorination technique on the surface-fluorination patterning of double-walled carbon nanotubes

• Lyubov G. Bulusheva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Emmanuel Flahaut,
• Jérémy Rio,
• Christopher P. Ewels,
• Victor O. Koroteev,
• Gregory Van Lier,
• Denis V. Vyalikh and
• Alexander V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1688–1698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.169

• by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) using CH4 (18 mol %) in H2 at 1000 °C and an Mg1−xCoxO solid solution as catalyst [23]. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) showed that a typical sample consists of ca. 80% DWCNTs, 20% SWCNTs, and a few triple-walled nanotubes. The

Investigation of growth dynamics of carbon nanotubes

• Marianna V. Kharlamova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 826–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.85

• a carbon content of 6–7 wt %, whereas the saturated solid solution of carbon in iron contains not less than 0.025 wt % carbon [75]. Thus, a large carbon concentration gradient was created in the bulk of the catalytic particle. This caused the diffusion of carbon atoms from the surface where the

Diffusion and surface alloying of gradient nanostructured metals

• Zhenbo Wang and
• Ke Lu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 547–560, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.59

• transport of species and phase transitions might be significantly promoted during SPD, which usually triggers the states equivalent to higher temperatures [88]. For example, Straumal et al. [89] demonstrated that high pressure torsion at room temperature produced a solid solution with a certain steady-state

Nanocrystalline ZrO₂ and Pt-doped ZrO₂ catalysts for low-temperature CO oxidation

• Amit Singhania and
• Shipra Mital Gupta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 264–271, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.29

• nature of the ZrO2 nanoparticles. Figure 2 shows an expanded region of the XRD pattern. The addition of Pt led to the shift of the diffraction peak to a higher angle (2θ) indicating the formation of a Pt–Zr solid solution. The lattice parameters showed a decrease from 5.1250 Å to 5.1124 after the

Nanocrystalline TiO₂/SnO₂ heterostructures for gas sensing

• Barbara Lyson-Sypien,
• Anna Kusior,
• Mieczylaw Rekas,
• Jan Zukrowski,
• Marta Gajewska,
• Katarzyna Michalow-Mauke,
• Thomas Graule,
• Marta Radecka and
• Katarzyna Zakrzewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 108–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.12

• typical and is usually interpreted as Ti substitution at Sn lattice sites [1]. The absence of non-identified peaks belonging to TiO2 phases supports the conclusion that under these conditions a solid solution is formed (case B). However, the presence of heterojunctions between the small amount of TiO2

• phase begins to predominate (71.1 wt %) with lattice constants slightly higher than those of 100% TiO2 indicating partially decomposed solid solution (case C). Furthermore, the evidence of precipitation of 18.4 wt % SnO2 cassiterite with very small crystallites of about 3 nm favors the hypothesis of a

Annealing-induced recovery of indents in thin Au(Fe) bilayer films

• Anna Kosinova,
• Ruth Schwaiger,
• Leonid Klinger and
• Eugen Rabkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2088–2099, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.199

• by Iijima and Yamazaki [17]. At the temperature of 700 °C employed in the present study, the full intermixing of a 50 nm thick bilayer takes less than 1 s, and, therefore, in what follows we will refer to the Au(Fe) bilayers as a single-phase face-centered cubic dilute solid solution of Fe in Au, or

A new approach to grain boundary engineering for nanocrystalline materials

• Shigeaki Kobayashi,
• Sadahiro Tsurekawa and
• Tadao Watanabe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1829–1849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.176

• alloy [3] reported by other researchers. The state of the supersaturated solid solution in as-electrodeposited Ni–4.4 mass % P alloy specimens was confirmed, although the Ni–P phase diagram [65] indicates that the solubility limit of phosphorus into nickel matrix is 0.17 mass %. Accordingly, the Ni3P

• positive Hall–Petch slope behavior between the hardness and average grain size was observed. The Ni/Ni3P alloy specimens prepared by annealing of electrodeposited Ni–4.4 mass % P solid solution show that the hardness of the Ni/Ni3P alloy more strongly depends on the grain size than in Ni specimens

Nanostructured TiO₂-based gas sensors with enhanced sensitivity to reducing gases

• Wojciech Maziarz,
• Anna Kusior and
• Anita Trenczek-Zajac

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1718–1726, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.164

• , nanotubes composed of a SnO2–TiO2 solid solution, or TiO2 accompanied by phases from the Sn–O, significantly improves their properties [27]. A similar effect is observed when the same nanostructures are applied as gas sensors. SnO2 seems to catalyze the reaction to gases due to the presence of nanoparticles

Influence of synthesis conditions on microstructure and phase transformations of annealed Sr₂FeMoO_6−x nanopowders formed by the citrate–gel method

• Marta Yarmolich,
• Nikolai Kalanda,
• Sergey Demyanov,
• Herman Terryn,
• Jon Ustarroz,
• Maksim Silibin and
• Gennadii Gorokh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1202–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.111

• , independent of the pH of the initial solutions. It can be seen that the synthesis of the solid solution of strontium ferromolybdate proceeds through a number of parallel chemical reactions that leads to several phase transformation processes. It can be seen in the XRD data presented in Figure 2 that during

• the heating process that eventually leads to the formation of Sr2FeMoO6−x, several secondary phases are formed as well, such as SrMoO4, SrCO3 and Fe3O4. It is also shown that the amount of Sr2FeMoO6−x as a solid solution increases as temperature increases, whereas the percentage of SrMoO4, SrCO3 and

• cutting edge technology. Conclusion The pH value of the colloidal solution and the annealing temperature of the powders have a significant impact on the microstructural properties of Sr2FeMoO6−x prepared by the citrate–gel synthesis. The formation of a strontium ferromolybdate solid solution proceeds

Determination of the compositions of the DIGM zone in nanocrystalline Ag/Au and Ag/Pd thin films by secondary neutral mass spectrometry

• Gábor Y. Molnár,
• Shenouda S. Shenouda,
• Gábor L. Katona,
• Gábor A. Langer and
• Dezső L. Beke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 474–483, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.41

• annealing times until full homogenization is reached. That is, the formation of a solid solution corresponding to the original element ratio in the bilayer. However, we did not observe such a two- or multi-step homogenization process (see Figure 2 and Figure 5). Even prolonged heat treatments did not result

• deposition of Ag on Pd. Furthermore, the change of the half width of the (220) reflexion peaks of Pd and Ag was used as a measure of intermixing. From these, and from direct TEM investigations, it was concluded that the formation of a solid solution, with a composition corresponding to the initial thickness

A single-source precursor route to anisotropic halogen-doped zinc oxide particles as a promising candidate for new transparent conducting oxide materials

• Daniela Lehr,
• Markus R. Wagner,
• Johanna Flock,
• Julian S. Reparaz,
• Clivia M. Sotomayor Torres,
• Alexander Klaiber,
• Thomas Dekorsy and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2161–2172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.222

• transparency over the entire visible light range. A solid solution of indium oxide and substantial amounts of tin oxide for electronic doping (ITO) is currently the most prominent example for the class of so-called TCOs (transparent conducting oxides). Due to the limited, natural occurrence of indium and its

Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries

• Luc Aymard,
• Yassine Oumellal and
• Jean-Pierre Bonnet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186

• orthorhombic phases) Bragg peaks and the appearance of hcp Mg and bcc Li peaks ((100, 002, 101) and (111, 200), respectively). Above x = 1.8 (Figure 4b) the first slope observed in the discharge curve corresponds to a shift of the Mg XRD lines in agreement with the formation of a Mg-type solid solution (Figure

•  4b, no. 6 and Table 1). The last slope corresponds to the formation of a bcc Li-type solid solution (Figure 4b, no. 8), and the plateau to the coexistence of both solid solution types (Li and Mg) (Figure 4b, no. 7). In short, MgH2 reacts with Li ions to form Mg and LiH within the conversion process

• electrode during electrochemical discharge show that the reaction of TiH2 with Li involves three steps. The two first slopes correspond to the formation of an fcc δ-TiH2−x solid solution until x = 0.34 (first slope) that transforms partially from x = 0.34 to 1 in a distorted face-centered orthorhombic phase